Define stem cells and briefly discuss stem cell research and its potential for use in treating disease
What will be an ideal response?
In the embryo, stem cells divide to form about 200 different cell types that become parts of the tissues and organs of the body. In adults, stem cells are a reservoir that provides replacements for cells lost through injury, disease, or wear and tear. The ability to isolate stem cells from embryos and to produce stem cells from normal body cells in the laboratory offers the possibility of using stem cells to treat disorders such as heart disease, diabetes, and other degenerative conditions
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As ATP begins to accumulate in the cytoplasm of animal cells, the extra glucose ____
a. enters glycolysis more rapidly b. is converted into glycogen c. is converted into starch. d. is converted into proteins e. is converted into carbohydrates
Bacteria in the intestinal tract prevent
pathogens from causing disease by a. crowding them out. b. eating other bacteria. c. producing protein traps to kill them. d. submerging them in acid in the stomach. e. doing all of these.
Energy in organic wastes is indicated by
a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D. e. E.
Different glycoproteins can have a diverse array of oligosaccharides. Which of the statements below about this diversity is true?
(a) Extensive modification of oligosaccharides occurs in the extracellular space. (b) Different oligosaccharides are covalently linked to proteins in the ER and the Golgi. (c) A diversity of oligosaccharyl transferases recognizes specific protein sequences, resulting in the linkage of a variety of oligosaccharides to proteins. (d) Oligosaccharide diversity comes from modifications that occur in the ER and the Golgi of the 14-sugar oligosaccharide added to the protein in the ER.