A nursing manager explains to the executive committee that reducing errors requires
a. disciplining staff members who continue to make errors.
b. focusing on systems problems and not blaming individuals.
c. having an anonymous error reporting procedure for staff.
d. holding individuals responsible for the errors they commit.
B
A "just culture" encourages open and honest reporting when errors or near misses occur. The analysis that follows reporting should focus on system flaws and not individual fault.
Having a culture in which individuals are blamed and shamed for their errors reduces the probability of error reporting. If this occurs, no meaningful action can be taken to reduce the likelihood of errors.
A safe mechanism for reporting errors should be available, but if all reporting were anonymous, it would be difficult to track and trend data.
Individuals and organizations should be held accountable for errors if indicated, but most errors are the result of system flaws.
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A health care provider orders that a confused and disoriented patient be placed in a full hand restraint because of excessive scratching of skin. The nurse acknowledges which of the following?
a. Restraints are used on an as-needed basis. b. No orders or patient consents are needed. c. Restraints must be removed every 2 hours to allow for skin assessment, toileting, and nutrition. d. An order for restraints may be used indefinitely until the patient no longer needs to be restrained.
A study abstract includes the following statement: "There was a negative relationship between infants with difficult behavioral styles and maternal involvement." The most accurate interpretation of the statement is what?
a. The more difficult the infant was, the more involved the mother was. b. The more difficult the infant was, the less involved the mother was. c. The less difficult the infant was, the less involved the mother was. d. There was no relationship between infant behavior and maternal involvement.
The nurse reviewing a client's serum cholesterol levels notes the following:Low density lipoprotein (LDL) = 105 mg/dlHigh density lipoprotein (HDL) = 37 mg/dlLow density lipoprotein (LDL)/high density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio = 4.1Which should the nurse identify as the priority outcome in the client's plan of care?
A. Maintenance of normal lipid levels without the use of pharmacotherapy B. Education about diet and exercise C. Validate that the client understands the importance of lifestyle changes D. The client's achievement of normal lipid levels through compliance with medications
Virtue-based ethical theories
a. Focus on the actions of leaders b. Are about the leader's character c. Are duty driven d. Focus on the consequences of leader actions