How is the independent variable different from the dependent variable?
a) the independent variable is manipulated during the experiment to understand the effects of this manipulation on the dependent variable
b) the dependent variable is manipulated during the experiment to understand the effects of this manipulation on the independent variable
c) dependent and independent variables are only used when researchers are not interested in looking at the effects of one thing on another, but only in how variables may be related
d) the independent variable is a variable not included in the experiment, but is related to one of the variables in the experiment
a
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