The nurse is teaching parents the signs of a hearing impairment in infants. What should the nurse include as signs? (Select all that apply.)
a. Lack of a fencing reflex
b. Lack of a startle reflex to a loud sound
c. Awakened by loud environmental noises
d. Failure to localize a sound by 6 months of age
e. Response to loud noises as opposed to the voice
ANS: B, D, E
The fencing reflex is elicited when the infant is placed on his or her back; it does not indicate a hearing impairment. Awakening by a loud environmental noise is a normal response.
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