Which is not an instance of proactive police?
a. Responding to citizen calls for service
b. Initiating actions in the absence of citizen requests.
c. Operating according to "hunches.".
d. Stopping crime before it happens.
a
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Family violence is typically studied through this perspective:
a. sociology b. psychology c. anthropology d. All of the above
A 1990 review paper by ______ proposed that criminologists should devote time and effort to understanding basic questions about the evolution of criminal careers.
A. Eleanor and Sheldon Glueck B. Robert Sampson and John Laub C. Callie Burt and Ronald Simons D. Rolf Loeber and Marc LeBlanc
The notion that there should be a strict separation between the determination of empirical facts and the value judgment of these facts as satisfactory or unsatisfactory is related to which goal of research?
A. shaping social policy B. advancing scientific knowledge C. organizing social action D. earning a degree
_______________ is the term that refers to the early privileged release from a penal or correctional institution of a convicted offender, who will remain under the continual custody of the state by serving out his/her sentence in the community
a. Restorative release b. Parole c. Probation d. Community service-conditional release