A newborn is born with patent ductus arteriosus. If the patent ductus arteriosus does not close during this time, the newborn will exhibit:

1. Narrowing pulse pressures.
2. Widening pulse pressures.
3. A decreased heart rate.
4. Quick capillary refill.


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1. The pulse pressures widen because of the low pressure gradient within the heart.
2. The widening occurs because of the low pressure gradient within the heart.
3. The heart rate will increase because of not perfusing to the lungs.
4. The capillary refill will be sluggish because the oxygenated blood is not going out to the rest of the body.

Nursing

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