Sonya decides to teach her eight-month-old son Max to wave his hands when he is hungry by giving him his favorite cracker every time he randomly waves his hands. One morning, Sonya catches Max waving his hands, so she searches through the pantry to find his crackers. Is Max likely to learn through Sonya's technique?
A. No; babies typically do not learn from operant conditioning until they are at least one year old.
B. Yes; Sonya has chosen Max's favorite snack so he is likely to repeat the behavior.
C. No; for the reinforcer to work in an eight-month-old baby, it must be given within two seconds of the behavior.
D. Yes; Sonya has chosen an easy action for an eight-month-old, hand waving, and an effective motivator, hunger.
Answer: C
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When Jerry thought he was the only person who was assigned the job of contacting alumni for a 15-year reunion, he spent several hours on the phone each evening trying to reach members of his graduating class. When he learned that eight other people were also working on contacting the alumni, he spent only 30 minutes each night making phone calls. The process that would BEST explain the decrease
in Jerry's effort when he learned that he was working as part of a larger group, is a. social interference. b. social loafing. c. the bystander effect. d. social dissonance.
Which of the following is a difference between Type A people and Type B people?
A) Type A people are more likely to continue to strive for more and more as compared to Type B people. B) Type A people show lower blood pressure than Type B people in response to stressors. C) Type A people relax more readily and focus more on the quality of life as compared to Type B people. D) Type A people earn lower grades and less money than Type B people who are equal in intelligence.
Which of the following best describes the stability of sleep cycles?
a. They are innate so they cannot be modified. b. They are innate but can be modified somewhat. c. They are entirely learned, but once set are difficult to modify. d. They are entirely learned and therefore easily modified.
Which best demonstrates Watson's and Skinner's beliefs regarding behaviorism?
a. A child acts selfishly due to his id. b. A man donates to charity because his parents rewarded this behavior. c. A child becomes an engineer due to her genes. d. A woman becomes a lawyer because she has a need for achievement.