Name and explain the eight symptoms of groupthink.
What will be an ideal response?
Signs of overconfidence include Illusion of invulnerability: Members are overly optimistic and
prone to take extraordinary risks and Belief in the inherent morality of the group: Participants ignore the ethical consequences of their actions and decisions. Signs of closed-mindedness include Collective rationalization: Group members invent rationalizations to protect themselves from any feedback that would challenge their operating assumptions; Stereotypes of outside groups: Group members underestimate the capabilities of other groups (armies, citizens, and teams), thinking that people in these groups are weak or stupid. Signs of group pressure include Pressure on dissenters: Dissenters are coerced to go along with the prevailing opinion in the group; Self-censorship: Individuals keep their doubts about group decisions to themselves; Illusion of unanimity: Because members keep quiet, the group mistakenly assumes that everyone agrees on a course of action; Self-appointed mind guards: Certain members take it on themselves to protect the leader and others from dissenting opinions that might disrupt the group’s consensus.
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