Describe the primary goals of naturalistic observation, participant observation, structured observation, and field experiments.
What will be an ideal response?
The goal of naturalistic observation is to describe behavior as it ordinarily occurs (i.e., with no intervention) and to investigate the relationship among variables that are present; it is often used when moral or ethical considerations prevent experimental control. When researchers observe behaviors while in the situation they are observing, they are conducting participant observation. Participant observation allows researchers to observe behaviors and situations that are not usually open to scientific observation. The primary goal of structured observation is to observe situations that may be difficult to observe naturally; researchers do this by setting up or creating the specific circumstances for the purpose of recording behavior. The major goal of a field experiment is to use control and comparison groups to study the effects of independent variables in a natural setting.
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a. Watson b. Skinner c. Thorndike d. Bandura