What occurs in a double-blind study of medication?
a. Any placebo effect can be seen as a hoax.
b. There is a higher risk of expectation effects.
c. The doctor, but not the patient, knows if the medication is a placebo.
d. Neither the patient nor the doctor knows if the medication is a placebo.
Answer: d.
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Which of the following best describes the stability of sleep cycles?
a. They are innate so they cannot be modified. b. They are innate but can be modified somewhat. c. They are entirely learned, but once set are difficult to modify. d. They are entirely learned and therefore easily modified.
Ethan, who is in the third grade, has not been doing his homework. The counselor at school suggests that his parents institute a token economy where Ethan receives a poker chip each time he completes his homework, and every time he accumulates 5 chips and turns them in to his parents, they buy him a comic book. In this case, what is considered the "backup reinforcer"?
a. the comic book b. the poker chip c. the parents' praise d. the homework
What evidence shows that handedness is not genetically determined?
What will be an ideal response?
Roberta is a judge for a nationally televised singing competition. She is surprised by contestants who are objectively bad singers but who act shocked when she tells them they are no good. Of the following, the most likely explanation for this inaccurate self-awareness is that they
A. practiced so much they assumed they had to be good. B. had a poorly formed self-concept and sense of self. C. overused self-enhancement strategies. D. believed close relatives who always applauded them.