Explain, with an example, the four criteria for concluding causation
Please provide the best answer for the statement.
1. Two variables, A and B, must be correlated or have a relationship.
2. The “cause,” A, must precede the “effect,” B.
3. There must be no other variables that might have influenced the relationship between A and B.
4. The researcher must not have influenced the results in some way (e.g., through how he or she coded or interpreted the results). Examples will vary.
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Sandra lives with her two children. These three people represent__________.
A. a nuclear family B. an extended family C. a cohabiting couple D. a nonfamily group
Which of the following conflicts would comprise an ethnonational conflict?
a. between nations of dissimilar ethnic population b. between linguistic groups within nations c. within an ethnic group of a nation d. between educational groups around the world
In an evaluation study of the treatment of transgender persons who work as state employees, Elisabeth was interviewing both employees and supervisors. Midway through the study, administration modified schedules to ensure she was no longer able to meet with the supervisors and complete her project. Which of the following did she experience?
a. content issues. b. ethical violations. c. social indicators. d. administrative control. e. validity problems
In 2014, the majority of older Americans lived in
a. medium-sized cities. b. red states. c. rural areas. d. metropolitan areas.