Based on the phylogeny shown, indicate the groups that are monophyletic. (Select all that apply.)A) Rose and oakB) Pine, ginkgo, oak, and roseC) Fern, pine, and ginkgoD) Psaronius, fern, pine, ginkgo, oak, and rose
What will be an ideal response?
A, B, D
Clarify Question
• What is the key concept addressed by the question?
o This question addresses monophyly.
• What type of thinking is required?
o This question is asking you to take what you already know and apply it to this unfamiliar situation.
• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
o A monophyletic group consists of the most recent common ancestor and all of its descendants.
Gather Content
• What do you already know about monophyly?
o True clades are monophyletic-they are groups including the most recent common ancestor and all of its descendants.
Consider Possibilities
• Consider the different answer options. Which can you rule out?
o Do "fern, pine, and ginkgo" form a monophyletic group? No, because it excludes the equally related Psaronius, oak, and rose.
Choose Answer
• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem-solving approach is most likely to produce the correct answer?
o Do "rose and oak" form a monophyletic group? Yes, because they share the synapomorphy "flowers" and form a clade together.
o Do "pine, ginkgo, oak, and rose" form a monophyletic group? Yes, because they share the synapomorphy "seeds" and form a clade together.
o Do "Psaronius, fern, pine, ginkgo, oak, and rose" form a monophyletic group? Yes, because they form a clade together as indicated on the cladogram (although their synapomorphy is not indicated here).
Reflect on Process
• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a more desirable result?
o This question asked which groupings are monophyletic.
o The question required you to take what you already know and apply it to this unfamiliar situation.
o Did you recognize that the question was asking which are true clades?
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