Describe the innovative wholesaling structure of the past Columbian cartels that enabled them to operate with virtual impunity from law enforcement for years
What will be an ideal response?
During the 1990s, Colombian cartels became well known for their "cells," which were
structured around familial relations or long-time, ongoing friendships. This arrangement made
attempts by law enforcement to infiltrate or penetrate a cell difficult, if not impossible. In addition, cells were structurally compartmentalized with a well-defined division of labor. Each cell specialized in a different aspect of the cocaine trade in the specific geographic location where it is found. Some cells transported drugs. Some cells were simply responsible for hiding cocaine and storing it for future sale. Some cells were engaged exclusively in money laundering and had no contact with the drug itself. Other cells were involved in the actual wholesale trading of cocaine to retail drug networks. On average, cells were made up of 10 employees who have no knowledge about the membership, location, or activities of other cells in the area. If law enforcement activities were able to compromise one cell, none of the others was affected.
In addition to compartmentalization, cell structures were characterized by a rigid chain of
command. The head of each cell reported to a regional director for the cartel, and only to that
individual. The regional director, in turn, reported to a designated individual in Colombia. Discretionary decisions in the United States were entrusted to only a handful of individuals, carefully insulated from the day-to-day drug operation, who answered directly to the cartel leadership in Colombia.
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What "style" of robbery is the armed robbery of a convenience store?
a. an ambush b. a raid c. a planned operation d. a strong arm
Edwin Sutherland argued that while ___________________________________ attracts headlines and police attention, the extensive and far more costly ______________________________________________ proceeds relatively unnotices.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
The major difference between the versions of social theory proposed by C. Ray Jeffery and Ronald L. Akers is:
a. Jeffery views Sutherland as basically correct, and Akers thinks Sutherland was incorrect. b. Akers thinks that social learning is derived mostly from social factors, while Jeffery thinks learning is mostly non-social. c. Jeffery thinks that reinforcement is more important to learning, and Akers thinks punishment is more important. d. There are no significant differences between Akers and Jeffery.
A Supreme Court appointment is a _______________ appointment
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word