The familial form of retinoblastoma is characterized by cancer appearing in both eyes relatively early in life. In contrast, the sporadic form is usually unilateral and appears later. What accounts for the difference?
What will be an ideal response?
Individuals with the familial form inherited one retinoblastoma mutation. The addition of another mutation early in life is likely to result in bilateral retinoblastoma. The sporadic form of retinoblastoma requires two mutations in the same cell and is therefore less likely to occur bilaterally.
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Opsonizing antibodies are those that function by:
a. attaching to the surface of pathogens and contributing to their destruction by the lytic action of complement. b. binding to and blocking surface receptors for host cells. c. attaching to the surface of pathogens and making the pathogens more amenable to ingestion by phagocytic cells. d. attaching to the surface of pathogens and contributing to their destruction by che-motaxis.
Dr. Singh just returned from a year working in rural Africa for the World Health Organization, and now he has a small clinic in San Francisco. In both locations, he sometimes sees patients with chronic elevated IgE levels. Match the doctor's initial diagnosis for a patient in each location.
1. San Francisco 2. Africa ___ allergies ___ helminth infection
Long protein strands that form a web that traps blood cells and platelets to form a clot are called ________
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Alcohol has diuretic effects, increasing urine output. By which one of the following is this mediated?
A) Alcohol increases the amount of sodium reabsorbed. B) Alcohol decreases the amount of sodium reabsorbed. C) Alcohol makes the renal tubules more permeable to water. D) Alcohol inhibits the release of ADH. E) Drinks with alcohol also contain a lot of water, and the kidneys excrete this.