Explain the concept of dual innervation in the autonomic nervous system. Provide two examples

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Dual innervation refers to the innervation of a target organ by both divisions of the ANS. Usually, the effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions on that target organ are antagonistic; they oppose each other. For example, sympathetic stimulation on the heart causes an increase in heart rate and force of contraction, while parasympathetic stimulation decreases heart rate. See table 14.5 for additional examples of dual innervation.

Anatomy & Physiology

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