The nurse is teaching the student nurse the physiology involved in pain transmission. Which of the following statements accurately describes a physiologic event in the nervous system related to pain transmission? Select all answers that apply
A) Thermal stimulation may involve the release of mediators, such as histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, or bradykinin.
B) When nociceptors are activated by noxious stimuli, the stimuli are converted to electrical impulses that are relayed to the spinal cord and brain.
C) Myelinated A-delta fibers are large fibers that conduct the impulse at very rapid rates; unmyelinated small C fibers transmit the impulse slowly.
D) Once in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, the nerve fibers divide and then cross to the opposite side and rise upward to the thalamus.
E) The point at which the person first feels the highest intensity of the painful stimulus is termed the pain threshold.
F) Peripheral sensitization allows the nerve fibers to react to a stimulus that is of lower intensity than would be needed to cause pain.
B, C, D, F
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While working in a pediatric clinic, a young mother asks the nurse what is meant by the term development. The nurse explains the concepts of development by including which of the following?
1. When the infant learns to hold its head up, it is developing. 2. Tripling of the birth weight 3. Increased height 4. Teething at 6 months
The nurse is reviewing a copy of the U.S. Surgeon General's Report, Healthy People. Which of the following nursing actions best reflects the nurse fostering this health care agenda?
A) The nurse signs up for classes to obtain an advanced degree in nursing B) The nurse volunteers at a local health care clinic providing free vaccinations for low-income populations C) The nurse performs an in-service on basic hospital equipment for student nurses D) The nurse compiles nursing articles on evidence-based practices in nursing to present at a hospital training seminar
A client feels that the nurse does not enter the room often enough and asks the nurse why there are so many clients on the nurse's assignment list. The best response by the nurse is:
1. "Most of the clients do not require much care.". 2. "The hospital has cut staff, but I manage to get the work done.". 3. "I do have to take short cuts every now and then.". 4. "There are insufficient health care workers to meet the need right now.".
Josie has severe cystic acne and is requesting treatment with Accutane. The appropriate treatment for her would be:
1. Order a pregnancy test and if it is negative prescribe the isotretinoin (Accutane). 2. Order Accutane after educating her on the adverse effects. 3. Recommend she try oral antibiotics (minocycline). 4. Refer her to a dermatologist for treatment.