In R. radiobacter bacteria, the ____ contains bacterial genes that can be directly inserted into a plant's DNA
Fill in the blank with the appropriate word.
Ti plasmid
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In the mitochondria, hydrogen is actively pumped to the ____
a. inner membrane b. outer membrane c. intermembrane space
d. matrix e. cytoplasm
Substances that are naturally produced by certain microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy bacteria are called ________.
A. synthetic drugs B. semisynthetic drugs C. narrow-spectrum drugs D. antibiotics E. broad-spectrum drugs
The final step in the clotting pathway is ____
a. activation of thrombin b. platelet plug formation c. vessel spasm d. conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin e. activation of factor X
Pax-6 usually causes the production of a type of light-receptor pigment. In vertebrate eyes, though, a different gene (the rh gene family) is responsible for the light-receptor pigments of the retina. The rh gene, like Pax-6, is ancient
In the marine ragworm, for example, the rh gene causes production of c-opsin, which helps regulate the worm's biological clock. Which of the following most likely accounts for vertebrate vision? A) The Pax-6 gene mutated to become the rh gene among early mammals. B) During vertebrate evolution, the rh gene for biological clock opsin was co-opted as a gene for visual receptor pigments. C) In animals more ancient than ragworms, the rh gene(s) coded for visual receptor pigments; in lineages more recent than ragworms, rh has flip-flopped several times between producing biological clock opsins and visual receptor pigments. D) Pax-6 was lost from the mammalian genome, and replaced by the rh gene much later.