A toxin released by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum causes the food-borne illness known as botulism, which inhibits the release of ACh at the neuromuscular junction. What effect does this have on the person?
A.
It causes flaccid paralysis, and if it affects the respiratory muscles, can result in death.
B.
It disrupts the balance between ACh and acetylcholinesterase, leading to spastic contractions.
C.
The brain compensates by producing more ACh, limiting the illness to only a few hours.
D.
The jaws are most affected, and it results in "lockjaw."
E.
Problems only result when the individual has low immunity.
A
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All of the following are true of the fibrous layer of the eye except that it
A) consists of the sclera and cornea. B) provides mechanical support and some protection for the eye. C) produces aqueous humor. D) contributes substantial focusing power. E) is where extrinsic eye muscles insert.
What is the correct sequence of organs for the formation and elimination of urine?
A. Bladder, urethra, kidney, ureter B. Kidney, bladder, ureter, urethra C. Kidney, urethra, bladder, ureter D. Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra E. Urethra, bladder, kidney, ureter
When a G protein becomes activated and causes an activation of enzymes,
A) ATP is consumed. B) cAMP is formed. C) cAMP is broken down. D) ATP is consumed and cAMP is formed. E) None of the answers is correct.
The overall purpose of the countercurrent exchange system is to ________.
A. remove metabolic wastes from the renal cortex B. supply nutrients and oxygen to the renal medulla C. supply nutrients and oxygen to the renal cortex D. supply salt and urea to the renal medulla E. remove metabolic wastes from the renal medulla