Autoclaves are designed to kill which of the following heat-resistant microbes?

A) endospores
B) prions
C) vegetative bacterial and fungal cells
D) viruses


Ans: A) endospores

Biology & Microbiology

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The hormone leptin is produced by ____________________ cells

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Biology & Microbiology

What shape park is preferable for minimizing edge effects?

A. jagged B. square C. linear D. oblong E. rectangular

Biology & Microbiology

You buy a bunch of small, round, red radishes at the grocery store; they are on sale because they have been sitting in the produce aisle for a while. When you get home you remove the stems and clean them. With the first bite, you notice their texture is not as crisp and crunchy as you like. Your friend says you should refrigerate them in a bowl of water overnight. The next day the radishes are crisp and crunchy again. What is the most likely explanation of why they became crunchy again after soaking in water?

a. The radish cells were hypertonic to the water in which they were soaking. So, the water moved by osmosis across the plasma membranes into the radish cells increasing the turgor pressure inside of the cells and making them crunchier. b. The radish cells were hypotonic to the water in which they were soaking. So, the water osmosed across the plasma membranes out of the radish cells decreasing the turgor pressure inside of the cells and making them crunchier. c. The radish cells were hypertonic to the water in which they were soaking. So, the water osmosed across the plasma membranes into the radish cells decreasing the turgor pressure inside of the cells. d. The radish cells were hypotonic to the water in which they were soaking. So, the water osmosed across the plasma membranes into the radish cells decreasing the turgor pressure inside of the cells.

Biology & Microbiology

Rising concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) in the atmosphere result in the oceans

A) becoming more acidic. B) becoming more basic. C) containing less dissolved oxygen. D) containing less dissolved carbon dioxide.

Biology & Microbiology