A researcher plans to administer a valid research tool in another language. What must be done in order to establish its validity in the second language? (Select all that apply.)
a. Reliability testing
b. Testing and then back-translating with different translators
c. Analysis of values obtained with both scales
d. Testing in both languages with bilingual subjects
e. Concept analysis
ANS: B, C, D
Translating an instrument from the original language to a target language is a complex process. One strategy for translating scales is to translate from the original language to the target language and then back-translate from the target language to the original language by using translators not involved in the original translation. Discrepancies are identified, and the procedure is repeated until troublesome problems are resolved. After this procedure, the two versions are administered to bilingual subjects and scored by standard procedures. The resulting sets of scores are examined to determine the extent to which the two versions yield similar information from the subjects. This procedure assumes that the subjects are equally skilled in both languages.
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