Which of the following is NOT a key element of gang definitions?

A. continuous association
B. leadership
C. shared identity
D. any criminal behavior


D. any criminal behavior

Criminal Justice

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In a study of juvenile gangs, researchers asked youth gang members that they already knew to refer them to others to interview. They engaged in which type of sampling method?

A. availability sampling B. quota sampling C. snowball sampling D. purposive sampling

Criminal Justice

The practice of punishment in America changes according to ______.

a. offending patterns b. religious doctrine c. society’s views d. economic realities

Criminal Justice

The United States has a __________ court system, consisting of stateand federal courts

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Criminal Justice

Miranda applies to statements or confessions made to private persons

a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice