A ________ reinforcer is any reward that satisfies a basic biological need, such a hunger, thirst, or touch
a. primary
b. negative
c. positive
d. secondary
e. discriminatory
a. primary
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Raising the minimum drinking age and airing anti-drug commercials are examples of
a. controversial efforts to prevent substance use. b. universal efforts to prevent substance use. c. relapse prevention efforts. d. harm reduction programs.
Caffeine has been shown to be an effective treatment for
A. migraine headaches. B. anxiety. C. narcolepsy. D. panic disorder.
The Rachlin/Castro/Bandura debate discussed in the text illustrates the complexity involved in self-administered contingencies. Despite their differences, they all agreed that:
a. self-rewarding works by increasing accurate self-monitoring b. contingent consequences work. c. consequences are evaluated according to usual social standards d. self-punishment operates primarily by providing information.
Sharin repeatedly tenses and then loosens each major muscle group such as the arms, shoulders, thighs, and legs. What do we call this series of exercises?
a) meditation b) biofeedback c) relaxation response d) progressive relaxation