Using one or two sentences for each, describe hypothetical individuals displaying Type A, Type B, and Type D behavior patterns. Discuss the association of Type A and Type D behavior patterns with negative health consequences.
What will be an ideal response?
Student answers will vary, but examples of possible descriptions of individuals are as follows: Type A: Lester is a father who coaches his son in soccer. He is extremely competitive and driven, and tends to be very hostile when the kids play poorly. Type B: Lizbeth is a mother of two children who spends her day helping her kids safely explore the world. Nothing really rattles her, and she is extremely patient and relaxed. Type D: Evie often feels anxious and depressed and avoids being with other people. She demonstrates distress even in the easiest of situations and looks at the bad side of everything that happens.Type A personalities are associated with a higher risk of coronary heart disease; the effect is small, however, when compared to Type B individuals. A far greater association occurs between Type D personalities and cardiovascular issues. A Type D personality leads to unhealthy levels of cortisol that may lead to heart attacks and heart failure.
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Children who are victimized by other children tend to show fewer __________.
A. negative effects if they have at least one close friend B. negative effects, but only if they have several close friends C. negative effects, but only if their friend lashes back at the bully D. anxiety symptoms if they have at least one close friend, but not fewer symptoms of depression
Behaviorism seeks to explain human behavior in terms of ____
a. basic biological drives such as hunger and thirst b. broad environmental influences such as historical time period c. the natural tensions between biological drives and society d. learning principles such as rewards and punishments
Explanations that rely on ______ indicate that inborn genetic endowments or heredity, maturational processes, and evolution are causes of developmental change. In contrast, explanations that point to ______ suggest that individuals are molded by the physical and social environment in which they are raised.
A. nurture; nature B. nature; nurture C. continuities; discontinuities D. discontinuities; continuities
Ron and Jon are identical twins, but only Jon shows the symptoms of schizophrenia. Brain imaging techniques are most likely to show that Jon has ____
a. more brain tissue than Ron b. smaller than normal ventricles c. a higher level of cerebral glucose metabolism during cognitive tasks than Ron d. ventricle enlargement