When evaluating the client's progress, the nurse knows that four of the five fetal factors that interact to regulate the heart rate are (select all that apply):
a. baroreceptors.
b. adrenal glands.
c. chemoreceptors.
d. uterine activity.
e. autonomic nervous system.
ANS: A, B, C, E
The sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system are balanced forces that regulate FHR. Sympathetic stimulation increases the heart rate, whereas parasympathetic responses, through stimulation of the vagus nerve, reduce the FHR and maintain variability. The baroreceptors stimulate the vagus nerve to slow the FHR and decrease the blood pressure. These are located in the carotid arch and major arteries. The chemoreceptors are cells that respond to changes in oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH. They are found in the medulla oblongata and aortic and carotid bodies. The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to stress, causing accelerations in FHR. Hypertonic uterine activity can reduce the time available for the exchange of oxygen and waste products; however, this is a maternal factor. The fifth fetal factor is the central nervous system. The fetal cerebral cortex causes the heart rate to increase during fetal movement and decrease when the fetus sleeps.
You might also like to view...
A nurse reviews the chart of a client who has Crohn's disease and a draining fistula. Which documentation should alert the nurse to urgently contact the provider for additional prescriptions?
a. Serum potassium of 2.6 mEq/L b. Client ate 20% of breakfast meal c. White blood cell count of 8200/mm3 d. Client's weight decreased by 3 pounds
A patient in the ICU is producing an increased amount of sputum and has a fever. The nurse suspects an infection
Which of the following characteristics of the patient's sputum would indicate a bacterial infection, as opposed to a viral infection? Select all that apply. A) Yellow B) Clear C) Blood-streaked D) Green E) Brown F) White
A nurse comes upon a traffic accident where injured, unconscious people are lying on the highway. What should the nurse be aware of regarding the sanctioning of first-aid interventions in this scenario?
a. Good Samaritan Act b. Emergency Care Doctrine c. Fifth Amendment d. Liability Protection against Malpractice Act
The nurse is working with a female client incarcerated for helping her boyfriend rob a convenience store
She has an Axis II diagnosis of dependent personality disorder. Psychotherapy to help build independence and self-esteem is too time intensive and long term to be supported within budgetary constraints. In considering how to begin addressing her dependency issues, the nurse should do which of the following? A) Avoid the topic altogether since personality characteristics are inflexible. B) Refer her to a clinical psychologist on her release. C) Consult the multidisciplinary team for approval and advocate for changes in the funding structures. D) Encourage her to express her feelings of dependency when addressing acute care physical needs.