A nurse assesses a client who has liver disease. Which laboratory findings should the nurse recognize as potentially causing complications of this disorder? (Select all that apply.)
a. Elevated aspartate transaminase
b. Elevated international normalized ratio (INR)
c. Decreased serum globulin levels
d. Decreased serum alkaline phosphatase
e. Elevated serum ammonia
f.
Elevated prothrombin time (PT)
ANS: B, E, F
Elevated INR and PT are indications of clotting disturbances and alert the nurse to the increased possibility of hemorrhage. Elevated ammonia levels increase the client's confusion. The other values are abnormal and associated with liver disease but do not necessarily place the client at increased risk for complications.
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