The physician has informed the parents that the results of a hemoglobin electrophoresis performed on their child indicate the presence of hemoglobin S. When the parent asks what this means, the nurse should explain that:
1. "Hemoglobin S is a type of immature red blood cell."
2. "It verifies the presence of hemolytic anemia."
3. "It is indicative of sickle-cell disease or trait."
4. "Hemoglobin S is found in people with pernicious anemia."
Answer: 3
1. Hemoglobin S is an abnormal form of the hemoglobin molecule found in people with sickle-cell trait or disease.
2. Coombs test is done to diagnose hemolytic anemia.
3. Hemoglobin S is an abnormal form of the hemoglobin molecule found in people with sickle-cell trait or disease.
4. A Schilling test is done to detect pernicious anemia.
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