Which statement regarding human DNA sequences is accurate?
1. Only 2% of human DNA is different among the different ethnicities.
2. Due to enzyme polymorphism, Hispanics are less likely to metabolize codeine to morphine.
3. Even though human genetic differences are small, significant differences can be seen with drug metabolism.
4. Asian Americans are the ethnic group known to be slow acetylators.
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale: Human DNA differences of only 0.2% can produce significant differences in the way drugs are handled within the body. Asian Americans are less likely to metabolize codeine to morphine, and Caucasians are known to be slow acetylators.
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What aspects of the environment in a hospital room would most likely allow for smooth transitioning?
a. Cheerfulness and relaxation b. Clean and colorful c. Restrictive and demanding d. Warm and dark
ANS: D Tactile interventions can have both positive and negative effects on neonates. For physiologically unstable infants and those who are disturbed during sleep, outcomes such as gasping, grunting, decreased oxygen saturation, apnea, and bradycardia ha
a. Prone b. Supine c. Position of comfort d. Abdomen with head elevated
An older patient on chemotherapy is in the oncology clinic for follow-up. The nurse notes the patient appears depressed. What action by the nurse should occur first?
a. Assess the patient for depression. b. Review the patient's chemotherapy. c. Ask the patient about suicidal ideation. d. Inquire how the patient has been feeling.
Metabolic changes throughout pregnancy affecting glucose and insulin in the mother and the fetus are complicated but important to understand. Nurses should know that:
1. insulin crosses the placenta to the fetus only in the first trimester, after which the fetus secretes its own. 2. women with insulin-dependent diabetes are prone to hyperglycemia during the first trimester because they are consuming more sugar. 3. during the second and third trimesters, pregnancy exerts a diabetogenic effect that ensures an abundant supply of glucose for the fetus. 4. maternal insulin requirements steadily decline during pregnancy.