Achalasia
a. is a condition in which the lower esophageal sphincter closes more tightly during swallowing.
b. is a condition in the ruminant stomach which prevents the pyloric sphincter from opening and closing properly.
c. refers to the incomplete digestion of protein by ruminants.
d. is the protection from ingested toxins provided by the epithelium lining of the intestinal tract.
e. none of these.
A
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A. fructose B. glucose C. maltose D. lactose E. sucrose
What is the best description of the efferent pathway of a reflex arc?
A. signals from the integrating center to receptors B. the route by which receptors send signals to effectors C. signaling pathway for receptors to influence the integrating center D. the route by which effector organs send signals to receptors E. the route by which signals from an integrating center reach effector organs
Which of the following structures is correctly matched with its function?
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In the ascending limb of the nephron loop (loop of Henle), the:
A) thick segment is permeable to water but impermeable to sodium and chloride ions. B) thin segment is not permeable to sodium ions, chloride ions, or water. C) movement of water and solutes is passive. D) thick segment is impermeable to water but permeable to sodium and chloride ions.