Why is a buffer system such as phosphate considered a closed system?

a. All the components remain in the system.
b. It has limited utility in buffering acids.
c. Its ability to buffer volatile acids is in-complete.
d. Once its buffer level is established, it will never change.


ANS: A
A nonbicarbonate buffer system is called a closed buffer system because all the components of acid-base reactions remain in the system.

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