A theory is an abstraction used often by economists to
a. describe a problem.
b. keep all assumptions in their proper places.
c. explain why things work the way they do.
d. describe a hierarchical ordering of facts.
e. arrange variables into a graphical format.
c
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The argument that rising energy prices caused the decline in U.S. productivity in the 1970s is made less believable due to the
A. falling level of saving in the 1970s. B. falling level of energy prices in the 1980s. C. rising level of energy prices in the 1980s. D. rising level of energy prices in the 1990s.
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. A firm that has not shut down in the short run will not shut down in response to a decrease in the marginal costs. 2. For prices greater than the minimum value of average variable cost, the firm's short-run supply curve coincides with its short-run marginal cost curve. 3. Given two supply curves passing through the same point, the flatter one has the higher elasticity. 4. Industry's supply curves tend to be less elastic than the supply curves of individual firms. 5. The elasticity of supply is positive because prices and quantities are always positive.
Based on the graph showing a contractionary policy response to a negative supply shock, a decrease in aggregate demand leads to ______.
a. increased inflation and decreased unemployment
b. increased output and prices, and decreased unemployment
c. decreased output and prices, and increased unemployment
d. increased output and increased prices
If the long-run market supply curve is perfectly elastic, a fall in demand will cause the final equilibrium to be at:
A. the same price and the same output. B. a lower price and a lower output. C. a lower price but the same output. D. the same price but a lower output.