Identify the threats to internal validity illustrated in the examples below. Students falling below the 10th percentile on a reading achievement test later receive higher scores on a similar test; students above the 90th percentile receive lower scores on the second test administration
a. experimental mortality
b. reactive effect of testing
c. statistical regression
d. maturation
e. instrumentation
C
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The receptive language skills are
a. writing and speaking. b. reading and writing. c. writing and listening. d. listening and reading. e. speaking and reading.
What is not true of materials used?
a. All materials must be legally obtained copies b. What exists in digital format must be purchased or obtained in digital format c. Digitization of an old VHS tape is permitted, irrespective of whether a digital format version is available d. It is not permitted to digitize a copy of an old VHS tape if it is available in digital format
In Erik Erikson's view, in which stage of psychosocial development are the three boys likely to be?
a. Initiative vs. guilt b. Intimacy vs. isolation c. Industry vs. inferiority d. Identity vs. role confusion
A running record
A. provides insights into a student's reading strengths and weaknesses. B. groups students by stanines. C. determines the percentage of skill mastery. D. gives grade-equivalent scores.