The capsules of Streptococcus mutans, and the fimbriae of Neisseriae gonorrhoeae and enteropathogenic E.coli are examples of:

a. receptors
b. toxins
c. adhesins/ligands
d. cytokines


Answer: c. adhesins/ligands

Biology & Microbiology

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The virulence of Vibrio cholerae is due to its ________.

A. enterotoxin B. neurotoxin C. invasive enzymes D. capsule

Biology & Microbiology

Which of the following traits/disorders is controlled by multiple genes?

A. skin color B. familial hypercholesterolemia C. curly hair D. ABO blood type E. Tay-Sachs disease

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How were conditions on the early Earth of more than three billion years ago different from those on today's Earth? Unlike Earth today, early Earth _____

A) had an atmosphere rich in gases released from volcanic eruptions B) had an oxidizing atmosphere C) experienced little high energy radiation from the sun D) had an atmosphere with significant quantities of ozone

Biology & Microbiology

P, D, and Q are three genes found on a single chromosome in greyhounds. The recombination frequencies between the three genes are shown below. In which order are these genes found on the greyhound chromosome?P-D = 50%  P-Q = 20%   D-Q = 30% 

A. P-Q-D B. Q-D-P C. D-P-Q D. P-D-Q E. It is impossible to determine.

Biology & Microbiology