Match each item to the phrase or sentence listed below.
A. Collective efficacy
B. Social disorganization
C. Spatial concentration
D. Justice reinvestment
E. Criminal justice
F. Restorative justice
G. Problem-solving approach
H. Adversarial process
I. Environmental crime prevention
J. Community justice
A. Willingness to intervene on behalf of the common good
B. Concentration of social problems
C. Neighborhoods where arrests and going to prison are common
D. Gives back to the community through justice
E. Based in a state or local jurisdiction
F. Seeking to repair wrongs done to a victim
G. Focuses on resolving the problem behind a crime
H. Focuses on guilt and fair punishment
I. Analysis of why and where crimes tend to concentrate
J. Seeking to improve and strengthen communities
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Select the appropriate answer in right column to terminology in the left column (a – d)
1. protective factors: a. Persistent nonconformist behavior by an individual who has been labeled as deviant and whose deviant behavior (e.g., drug use) is based upon expectations of others. 2. risk factors: b. Nonconformist behavior associated with drug experimentation. It is temporary, exploratory, and easily concealed from others. 3. secondary deviance: c. Factors in an individual's life that decrease the likelihood of involvement with drugs and reduce the impact that any risk factor might have. 4. primary deviance: d. Factors in an individual's life that increases the likelihood of involvement with drugs.
The Uniform Narcotic Act allowed states to treat this drug as a narcotic thereby subjecting it to the same regulations as all narcotics:
a.marijuana b.cocaine c.heroin d.peyote
Which of the following is not a type of risk that judicial officers consider when making pretrial release decisions?
A) The risk to the defendant of remaining in jail until trial
B) The risk that the defendant will fail to appear at a scheduled court appearance
C) The risk to public safety
D) The risk of flight
__________ reflects a critical perspective that explains both the exploitation of women and women's criminality in terms of gender inequality and patriarchy
a. Left realism c. Supranational criminology b. Critical feminism d. Restorative justice