Random variation in the outcomes of competition experiments is called
A. allelopathy.
B. stochasticity.
C. commensalism.
D. competition frequency.
E. resource partitioning.
B. stochasticity.
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Hormone X activates the cAMP second messenger system in its target cells. The greatest response by a cell would come from _____
A) applying a molecule of hormone X to the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell B) injecting a molecule of hormone X into the cytoplasm of the cell C) applying a molecule of cAMP to the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell D) injecting a molecule of cAMP into the cytoplasm of the cell E) injecting a molecule of activated, cAMP-dependent protein kinase into the cytoplasm of the cell
Activation of the IFN-? globin promoter is an example of a histone code. Of the steps given, which is the third in this process?
A. The TATA box in the promoter is exposed. B. Complexes containing Gcn5 bind to the promoter and acetylate nearby nucleosomes. C. A chromatin remodeling complex such as SW1/SNF binds to and moves the nucleosome. D. Initiation of transcription occurs. E. A protein kinase binds to the Gcn5 complex and phosphorylates nearby nucleosomes.
Which of the following respiratory adaptations evolved independently in several groups of aquatic invertebrates?
A. Hemocyanin B. Hemoglobin C. Tracheal system D. Gills E. Book lungs
Bioreactors are widely used for industrial fermentation. Which of the following conditions must be closely monitored for optimal fermentation?
A) temperature B) oxygen levels C) pH D) both temperature and pH E) temperature, pH, and oxygen levels