The nurse is administering a tuberculin skin test for a client. What is the nurse's understanding of the hypersensitivity response associated with this test? Select all that apply.
A) The test causes a release of lymphokines, which attract macrophages.
B) Macrophages release lysozymes, resulting in local tissue damage.
C) The antigen-presenting cell encounters a cytotoxic T-cell.
D) Antigens invade the body and bind to antibodies in circulation.
E) Antigen-antibody complexes activate complement.
A) The test causes a release of lymphokines, which attract macrophages.
B) Macrophages release lysozymes, resulting in local tissue damage.
C) The antigen-presenting cell encounters a cytotoxic T-cell.
Explanation: A) The tuberculin skin test is an example of evaluating whether a type IV, cell mediated hypersensitivity reaction occurred. It is a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction occurring in response to soluble protein antigens. In this type of reaction, antigen-presenting cells encounter cytotoxic T cells, causing the release of lymphokines, which attract macrophages. Macrophages then release lysozymes, resulting in local tissue damage.
B) The tuberculin skin test is an example of evaluating whether a type IV, cell mediated hypersensitivity reaction occurred. It is a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction occurring in response to soluble protein antigens. In this type of reaction, antigen-presenting cells encounter cytotoxic T cells, causing the release of lymphokines, which attract macrophages. Macrophages then release lysozymes, resulting in local tissue damage.
C) The tuberculin skin test is an example of evaluating whether a type IV, cell mediated hypersensitivity reaction occurred. It is a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction occurring in response to soluble protein antigens. In this type of reaction, antigen-presenting cells encounter cytotoxic T cells, causing the release of lymphokines, which attract macrophages. Macrophages then release lysozymes, resulting in local tissue damage.
D) The tuberculin skin test is an example of evaluating whether a type IV, cell mediated hypersensitivity reaction occurred. It is a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction occurring in response to soluble protein antigens. In this type of reaction, antigen-presenting cells encounter cytotoxic T cells, causing the release of lymphokines, which attract macrophages. Macrophages then release lysozymes, resulting in local tissue damage. Antigens that invade the body and bind to antibodies in the circulation occur in Type III reactions, which are immune complex mediated hypersensitivity reactions.
E) The tuberculin skin test is an example of evaluating whether a type IV, cell mediated hypersensitivity reaction occurred. It is a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction occurring in response to soluble protein antigens. In this type of reaction, antigen-presenting cells encounter cytotoxic T cells, causing the release of lymphokines, which attract macrophages. Macrophages then release lysozymes, resulting in local tissue damage. Complement is activated in a Type III reaction, an immune complex mediated hypersensitivity reaction.
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