In a series of research studies, criminologist Cathy Widom identified a ___________, in which physical abuse by parents or caregivers is a direct cause of subsequent violent behavior among youth
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
cycle of violence
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Parole success rates are _____ probation success rates.
A. somewhat higher than B. equal to C. somewhat lower than D. more than double
Which of the following occurs police officers use trickery such as police undercover agents who pose as inmates who failed to give the Miranda warning to incarcerated inmates when investigating crimes?
A) entrapment B) deviant lying C) accepted lying D) excessive force
Which of the following is probably not a total institution?
A) A mental hospital B) A seminary C) A university D) A jail
Which research design would you use to answer this question: Are prisons more likely to have drug treatment programs available now than in the 1950s?
a. Cross-sectional b. Repeated cross-sectional c. Fixed-sample panel d. Event-based