Nurses need to know the basic definitions and incidence data about postpartum hemorr-hage (PPH). For instance:
a. PPH is easy to recognize early; after all, the woman is bleeding.
b. Traditionally it takes more than 1000 ml of blood after vaginal birth and 2500 ml after cesarean birth to define the condition as PPH.
c. If anything, nurses and doctors tend to overestimate the amount of blood loss.
d. Traditionally PPH has been classified as early or late with respect to birth.
D
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A Unfortunately PPH can occur with little warning and often is recognized only after the mother has profound symptoms.
B Traditionally a 500-ml blood loss after a vaginal birth and a 1000-ml blood loss after a cesarean birth constitute PPH.
C Medical personnel tend to underestimate blood loss by as much as 50% in their subjective observations.
D Early PPH is also known as primary, or acute, PPH; late PPH is known as sec-ondary PPH.
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