What do the monumental earthworks and other archeological evidence uncovered at Cahokia and other Mississippian sites suggest about the rise and fall of that society?
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
- Rise of Mississippian society: resulted from new innovations, including the bow and arrow, development of Northern Flint maize, shift to flint hoes that led to permanent communities
- Characteristics of permanent settlement: maize farming, temple mounds; residential neighborhoods; artistic traditions; early science and technology
- Social hierarchy: political hierarchy led by powerful chief; chief's burial mound also contained probable sacrifice victims; social stratification including elite, farmers, and artisans; proclivity for warfare and violence with neighbors-log stockade in Cahokia; high degree of social organization-Great Serpent Mound
- Organization of labor: farmers; craft specialization, artisans; tribute labor to construct mounds
- Resource surpluses: extensive trade network; artistic and engineering traditions spread from Mexico
- Decline of Mississippian society: violent competition for limited space among rivers; endemic violence resulted in abandonment of cities and relocation in smaller, decentralized communities
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