Later Muslim historians reinterpreted the pact made after a battle between Nubians and Arabs in 652 as:
a. A punishment on Arabic forces for violating the Nubians' neutrality.
b. An admission of Nubian submission to Islamic hegemony.
c. A temporary setback in the Islamicization of East Africa.
d. An invalid treaty, because the Nubians violated its terms almost immediately afterward.
b. An admission of Nubian submission to Islamic hegemony.
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After the new tariff was enacted by Congress in 1828, South Carolina's John C. Calhoun published the Exposition and Protest which said, in essence, that:
a. Congress was only authorized to raise tariff duties by 20% b. a state convention could write new federal laws c. laws passed by the federal government could be rejected by the states d. laws passed by the federal government were invariably unconstitutional
The Puritans advocated which of the following changes in the Church of England?
a. They wanted all English citizens to be included in the membership of the church. b. They wanted bishops and archbishops to be elected rather than appointed. c. They wanted priests to be allowed to marry. d. They wanted the church to be free from political interference.
Identify an accurate statement about Spanish exploration overseas
A) The Spanish explorers found the eastern route to Africa and India before the Portuguese. B) Christopher Columbus found the route to India in 1492 after ten weeks of voyage. C) Christopher Columbus was a Portuguese-trained Italian sailor who was sent to find India by Spanish monarchs. D) After the success of Portugal in finding the route to India, Spanish sailors advocated the search for an eastern route to the Orient. E) Vasco da Gama was the first European in several centuries to set foot in North America.
Thomas Paine's pamphlet, Common Sense, was significant because it:
A) served as a draft for what would become the Declaration of Independence. B) it extended republican ideals to colonists beyond the educated elite. C) argued that America was already independent; the final break was just a formality. D) provided a clear system of government for the new nation. E) included a vision of equality that was radical for its time, including the eventual abolition of slavery.