The standard that the Supreme Court uses now to determine whether a stop is based on reasonable suspicion is called:
a. totality of circumstances
b. probable cause
c. reasonableness
d. Terry standard
A
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The development of __________weapons has undoubtedly saved officers from firing bullets in situations where they previously may have.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
When the Miami-Dade County (Florida) Police Department received an anonymous tip that Joelis Jardines was growing marijuana in his home, they sent Franky to verify. After circling for a few minutes on Jardines's front porch, Franky, a chocolate Labrador trained to sniff out illegal drugs, sat down near the front door. This was a signal to the two officers on the scene that the dog smelled
something suspicious. Relying on Franky's expertise, the officers obtained permission from a judge to search Jardines' home. They found nearly 180 marijuana plants having an estimated street value of about $700,000 . Jardines claimed that the officers had violated his right to privacy and the Supreme Court agreed. "The police cannot . . . hang around on the lawn or in the side garden, trawling for evidence and perhaps peering into the windows of the home," said Justice Antonin Scalia. Which Amendment protects suspects such as Jardines from unreasonable searches? a. Fourth b. Fifth c. Sixth d. Fourteenth
Regarding research, practitioners may be far less comfortable than academics with notions of:
a. probability. b. confidence levels. c. and statistical significance. d. all of these
A review of the constitutionality of the use of nondeadly force to effectuate an arrest is:
a. Based on the rational basis test b. Based on whether the officer’s actions were subjectively reasonable under the totality of the circumstances c. Based on whether the officer’s actions were objectively reasonable under the totality of the circumstances d. Based on the two-prong Aguilar-Spinelli test