Which of the following would lead to an increase in cardiac output?
1. Reduced cardiac contractility
2. Hypovolemia
3. Peripheral vascular resistance
4. Increase in preload
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale: Increased preload results in a more forceful contraction, and increases cardiac output. Hypovolemia is a lower blood volume, and will result in lower cardiac output. Peripheral vascular resistance increases afterload and increases the workload on the heart. A reduction in cardiac contractility results in lower preload and subsequent cardiac output.
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The nurse reassures a patient that most acute pain is intense and of short duration, usually lasting:
a. 1 week. b. less than 6 months. c. at least 9 months. d. more than 1 year.
Which information is most important for the nurse to report to the health care provider about a patient who has been using varenicline (Chantix)?
a. The patient continues to smoke a few cigarettes every day. b. The patient complains of headaches that occur almost daily. c. The patient complains of new-onset sadness and depression. d. The patient says, "I have decided that I am not ready to quit."
"Sundowner's syndrome" or "sundowning" is a condition frequently seen in patients with organic mental disorders. Sundowning can best be described as:
A) Compulsion to watch the sun set B) Sleeping 12 hours per day C) Reversing day and night behavior (sleeping during the day and staying awake during the night) D) Staying awake for several days at a time
When the male client on his first postoperative day after chest surgery appears stoic and does not ask for any pain medication, the nurse should
A) Document the client's lack of medication B) Assume the client does not need medication C) Ask the client's family if he ever uses pain medicines D) Actively solicit information about the client's pain level