Which of the following is not a type of subculture according to Cloward and Ohlin?
A. criminal subculture
B. conflict subculture
C. gang subculture
D. retreatist subculture
C. gang subculture
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The form of community supervision that attempts to invoke shame in the offender is called a ________ condition.
A. public shaming B. scarlet letter C. shame sanction D. laughingstock
Which of the following is not a reason for performance evaluations?
A) To allow administrators to maintain a continuing check on entrance standards to determine if they are relevant or in need of modification B) To serve as a basis for pay increases C) To pinpoint strengths that can be developed and weakness than can be corrected D) To discourage supervisors from taking a personal interest in the offices under their command
If probation is revoked and the offender goes to prison, time served on probation a. does not count toward the term of imprisonment
b. is deducted from the term of imprisonment. c. is counted as good-time credit. d. is counted toward truth-in-sentencing guidelines.
He believed the cause of delinquent behavior as a reaction of frustration by lower-class boys to social and economic deprivation
a. Cohen b. Merton c. Agnew d. Durkheim