Explain what Heifetz meant by "adaptive change," including its four principles, and how it applies to police supervision and management.
What will be an ideal response?
Heifetz suggests what he terms adaptive change, which he calls for when a problem cannot be solved with one's existing knowledge and skills and requires people to make a shift in their expectations, attitudes, or habits of behavior. Heifetz proposes four principles for bringing about adaptive change:
1.Be able to recognize when the challenge requires adaptive work for resolution; understand the values and issues at stake in the situation.
2.Remember that adaptive change will cause distress in the people being led. The leader should keep the distress in the tolerable range (too much stress can be defeating, and too little stress does not motivate people).
3.Keep the focus on the real issue–do not get sidetracked by denial, scapegoating, and so on, as these are "work avoidance mechanisms."
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Which exception to the exclusionary rule provides that when an honest mistake is made during the course of a search or a seizure, any subsequently obtained evidence will be considered admissible?
a. Parole b. Revocation c. Good faith d. Impeachment
What is Probable Cause Requirement?
What will be an ideal response?
Which of the following is an important distinction between the z and t distributions?
A. The t distribution changes shape depending on sample size; the z distribution does not. B. The t distribution does not differ from the z distribution; it is simply another theoretical construct available for use by research scientists. C. The z distribution changes shape depending on sample size; the t distribution does not. D. The z distribution is normally distributed, whereas the t distribution is skewed.
According to the text, the two serious problems involved in translating chronic offender research into policy include
a. identifying the chronic offenders and when they begin their careers b. the conflict between preventing chronic offending versus punishing it c. determining what kinds of crime they commit and why they stop d. the prediction problem and estimating how much crime they commit