Why is it important to keep a binary search tree balanced?
What will be an ideal response?
A balanced binary search tree has the most efficient add and find operations. They will require O(log 2 n)
comparisons in the worst case.
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To pop an element off the top of a stack for processing:
a. Use member function top. b. Use member function pop. c. Use member function top and then member function pop. d. Use member function pop and then member function top.
Which of the following statements is false?
a. The method’s return type specifies the type of data returned to a method’s caller. b. Empty parentheses following a method name indicate that the method does not require any parameters to perform its task. c. When a method that specifies a return type other than void is called and completes its task, the method must return a result to its calling method d. Classes often provide public methods to allow the class’s clients to set or get private instance variables; the names of these methods must begin with set or get.
How do you remove shape hints?
What will be an ideal response?
How can you run journalctl and see all log entries?
BONUS TOOL: Journalctl The CyberOps Workstation VM is based on Arch Linux. Categorized as a Linux distribution, Arch Linux is designed to be lightweight, minimalist, and simple. As part of this design philosophy, Arch Linux uses systemd as its init system. In Linux, the init process is the first process loaded when the computer boots. Init is directly or indirectly the parent of all processes running on the system. It is started by the kernel at boot time and continues to run until the computer shuts down. Typically, init has the process ID 1. An init system is a set of rules and conventions governing the way the user space in a given Linux system is created and made available to the user. Init systems also specify system-wide parameters such as global configuration files, logging structure, and service management. Systemd is a modern init system designed to unify Linux configuration and service behavior across all Linux distributions and has been increasingly adopted by major Linux distributions. Arch Linux relies on systemd for init functionality. The CyberOps Workstation VM also uses systemd. system-journald (or simply journald) is systemd’s event logging service and uses append-only binary files serving as its log files. Notice that journald does not impede the use of other logging systems such as syslog and rsyslog. This section provides a brief overview of journalctl, a journald utility used for log viewing and real-time monitoring. a. In a terminal window in the CyberOps Workstation VM, issue the journalctl command with no options to display all journal log entries (it can be quite long):
[analyst@secOps ~]$ journalctl Hint: You are currently not seeing messages from other users and the system. Users in groups 'adm', 'systemd-journal', 'wheel' can see all messages. Pass -q to turn off this notice. -- Logs begin at Fri 2014-09-26 14:13:12 EDT, end at Fri 2017-03-31 09:54:58 EDT Sep 26 14:13:12 dataAnalyzer systemd[1087]: Starting Paths. Sep 26 14:13:12 dataAnalyzer systemd[1087]: Reached target Paths. Sep 26 14:13:12 dataAnalyzer systemd[1087]: Starting Timers. Sep 26 14:13:12 dataAnalyzer systemd[1087]: Reached target Timers. Sep 26 14:13:12 dataAnalyzer systemd[1087]: Starting Sockets. Sep 26 14:13:12 dataAnalyzer systemd[1087]: Reached target Sockets. Sep 26 14:13:12 dataAnalyzer systemd[1087]: Starting Basic System. Sep 26 14:13:12 dataAnalyzer systemd[1087]: Reached target Basic System. Sep 26 14:13:12 dataAnalyzer systemd[1087]: Starting Default. Sep 26 14:13:12 dataAnalyzer systemd[1087]: Reached target Default. Sep 26 14:13:12 dataAnalyzer systemd[1087]: Startup finished in 18ms. Sep 26 14:14:24 dataAnalyzer systemd[1087]: Stopping Default.The output begins with a line similar to the one below, marking the timestamp where the system started logging. Notice that the timestamps will vary from system to system.
-- Logs begin at Fri 2014-09-26 13:22:51 EDT, end at Fri 2017-03-31 10:12:19 EDT. –-journalctl includes a number of functionalities such as page scrolling, color-coded messages and more. Use the keyboard up/down arrow keys to scroll up/down the output, one line at a time. Use the left/right keyboard arrow keys to scroll sideways and display log entries that span beyond the boundaries of the terminal window. The
Hint: You are currently not seeing messages from other users and the system.
Users in groups 'adm', 'systemd-journal', 'wheel' can see all messages.
Pass -q to turn off this notice.
This message reminds you that, because analyst is a regular user and not a member of either the adm, systemd-journal or wheel groups, not all log entries will be displayed by journalctl. It also states that running journalctl with the –q option suppresses the hint message.