The nurse is developing a teaching plan for a group of parents who need genetic counseling. Which statement by a parent would indicate the need for further education?
1. "We understand that half of the sets of chromosomes come from the mother and the other half come from the father.".
2. "We understand that the 23rd pair of chromosomes will determine if our child will be male or female.".
3. "We understand that a chromosome called a karyotype is a chromosomal profile.".
4. "We understand that are all the chromosomes are the same size in males and females alike.".
4. "We understand that are all the chromosomes are the same size in males and females alike.".
Rationale:
Not all chromosomes are the same size. A basic understanding of the cell, DNA, cell division, and chromosomes is important for young families receiving genetic counseling. The cell nucleus contains about 6 feet of DNA that are tightly wound and packaged into 23 pairs of chromosomes, making a complete set of 46 chromosomes. The structure and number of chromosomes can be shown by karyotype, or picture of an individual's chromosomes. There are two copies of each chromosome. One copy, or half of the complete set of these 46 chromosomes, is inherited from the mother, and the other copy is inherited from the father. For example, an individual will have two #1 chromosomes, one inherited from her mother and one inherited from her father. These two copies or pairs of inherited chromosomes are called homologous pairs. Chromosomes are numbered according to size, with chromosome #1 being the largest and chromosome 22 being the smallest. The first 22 pairs of chromosomes, known as autosomes, are alike in males and females. The 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, determines an individual's gender. A female has two copies of the X chromosomes (one copy inherited from each parent) and a male has one X chromosome (inherited from his mother) and a Y chromosome (inherited from his father). These X and Y chromosomes are known as sex chromosomes. The remaining 22 pairs of non-sex chromosomes are alike in both males and females, and are called autosomes.
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