Name and describe significant court cases that have had an impact on the practices of probation and parole
What will be an ideal response?
• Sampson v. California. Police officers may conduct a warrantless search of an individual subject to a parole search condition, even when there is no suspicion of wrongdoing and even when the sole reason for the search is the person's parole status.
• U.S. v. Knights. The warrantless search authority normally reserved for probation and parole officers extends to the police when supported by reasonable suspicion and authorized by probation conditions.
• Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole v. Scott: The Griffin decision was applied to parolees.
• Griffin v. Wisconsin: The Supreme Court held that probation officers may conduct a search of a probationer's residence without a warrant or without probable cause.
• Minnesota v. Murphy: States that incriminating statements to a probation officer may be used as evidence if the probationer does not specify a right against self-incrimination.
• Bearden v. Georgia: Established that probation cannot be revoked for failure to pay a fine and make restitution if it cannot be shown that the defendant is responsible for the failure.
• Greenholtz v. Nebraska Penal Inmates: Established that parole boards do not have to specify the evidence used in deciding to deny parole.
• Gagnon v. Scarpelli and Morrissey v. Brewer: Declared a need for procedural safeguards for probationers and parolees, respectively.
• Mempa v. Rhay. Notice and a hearing are required before probation revocation, and probationers should have the opportunity for representation by counsel before a deferred prison sentence is imposed.
• Escoe v. Zerbst: Argued that the revocation of probation without notice or hearing was acceptable practice.
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Theodore Kaczynski is also known as the Unabomber.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
The National Incident Management System is both standardized and ____________
Fill in the blanks with correct word
Which of the following is a tenet of critical race theory?
A. There is an “inconvenient truth” relating to the existence of race and the evolutionary basis of race-based patterns of behavior. B. Individuals commit crime because they are unable to secure the “American Dream” in culturally acceptable ways. C. Whites have little incentive to eradicate racism because they benefit materially from such beliefs. D. The drop in crime rates in the 1990s can be attributed to the legalization of abortion in the United States.
Please list at least two types of “less-likely-to-be-lethal” weapons employed by police officers.
What will be an ideal response?