In vitro irradiation of macromolecules causes _____ damage to macromolecules.

a) repairable
b) reversible
c) irreversible
d) both repairable and reversible


Answer: d) both repairable and reversible

Biology & Microbiology

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The average synonymous substitution rate in mammalian mitochondrial genes is ________ the average rate for nuclear genes

A) 2 times B) 5 times C) 10 times D) 50 times E) 100 times

Biology & Microbiology

For each of the following sentences, choose one of the options enclosed in square brackets to make a correct statement

An electron bound to a molecule with low affinity for electrons is a [high/low]-energy electron. Transfer of an electron from a molecule with low affinity to one with higher affinity has a [positive/negative] ?G° and is thus [favorable/unfavorable] under standard conditions. If the reduced form of a redox pair is a strong electron donor with a [high/low] affinity for electrons, it is easily oxidized; the oxidized member of such a redox pair is a [weak/strong] electron acceptor.

Biology & Microbiology

Which of the following is a disease caused by a pleiotropic gene?

a. sickle-cell anemia b. pernicious anemia c. aplastic anemia d. iron deficiency anemia e. hemolytic anemia

Biology & Microbiology

The most ancient paths of information flow are

a. located in the midbrain. b. reflex arcs. c. found in the lower part of the brain. d. found in the autonomic nervous system. e. the circuits from sense receptors to the brain.

Biology & Microbiology