The nurse is preparing to admit a 2-year-old child with spina bifida occulta. What clinical manifestations of spina bifida occulta should the nurse expect to observe? (Select all that apply.)
a. Dark tufts of hair
b. Skin depression or dimple
c. Port-wine angiomatous nevi
d. Soft, subcutaneous lipomas
e. Bladder and sphincter paralysis
ANS: A, B, C, D
Clinical manifestations of spina bifida occulta include dark tufts of hair; skin depression or dimple; port-wine angiomatous nevi; and soft, subcutaneous lipomas. Bladder and sphincter paralysis are present with spina bifida cystica but not occulta.
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