Mention the reasons behind the de-integration of American Steel producers
For the past 40 years, the percentage of America's steel produced in vertically integrated firms like U.S. Steel has declined. This is because mini mills have replaced large blast furnaces. Unlike blast furnaces, electric furnaces can be turned on and off almost at will. They often operate late at night when electricity rates are very low, because utilities cannot turn their generators off and restart them in time to meet the next day's load. It is more efficient for a mini-mill to use the market than to integrate upstream.
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For an economy starting at potential output, an increase in one or more of the components of aggregate expenditure in the short run results in a(n):
A. increase in potential output. B. recessionary output gap. C. decrease in potential output. D. expansionary output gap.
If a bank's deposits at the Fed increase by $10 million, then
A) both the bank's liabilities and the Fed's liabilities increase by $10 million. B) the bank's assets increase by $10 million, but there is no change at the Fed since it does not really have assets or liabilities. C) the bank's assets increase by $10 million and the Fed's liabilities increase by $10 million. D) both the bank's assets and the Fed's assets increase by $10 million.
The most dramatic and rapid increases and decreases in exchange rates occur in the
a. very short run b. short run c. long run d. very long run e. triangular arbitrage market
The Kyoto Protocol was signed by participating nations in
A) 2001. B) 1972. C) 1997. D) 2012.