In most states, a citizen can only make an arrest for a crime committed in her or his presence, and the citizen's actions must be based on:
a. there being at least one witness present who inferred a crime occurred
b. reasonable suspicion that it occurred, even though in fact, no crime occurred
c. the fact that a crime must actually have occurred
d. probable cause that it occurred, even though in fact, no crime occurred
C
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Blum and Heymann (2010) suggest that a new paradigm that is neither warfare nor is ______ required because international terrorism does not easily fit within either alternative paradigm.
a. federally b. internationally c. law enforcement d. all of these
The United States has a ______ court system, which includes both a state and federal court system.
A. single B. coordinating C. dual D. complementary
The "Hand-Off Doctrine" was a legal decision in that correctional staff was prohibited from physically touching the inmates
a. True b. False
There are two basic options for researchers when asking questions: open-ended or closed-ended
Indicate whether the statement is true or false